# Devuan 3.1.0 Beowulf Release Notes
## Index
- Introduction
- What's new in this release
- Getting Devuan 3 Beowulf
- Upgrading to Devuan 3 Beowulf
- Devuan Package Repositories
- Non-free firmware
- About eudev
- Session management and policykit backends
- Workarounds for known lightdm issues/bugs
- About LXDE
- Starting X from a terminal
- Devuan package information pages
- Reporting bugs
### Introduction
This document includes technical notes relevant to Devuan 3 Beowulf.
More information and support on specific issues can be obtained by:
- subscribing to the DNG mailing list:
https://mailinglists.dyne.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/dng
- visiting the Devuan user forum:
https://dev1galaxy.org
- shouting (but not too loudly) on one of the Devuan IRC channels:
#devuan (irc.libera.chat) - general discussion about Devuan
#devuan-arm (irc.libera.chat) - specific support for ARM
- checking the Debian Buster release notes to learn about changes in
the packages that Devuan does not alter.
https://www.debian.org/releases/buster/releasenotes
### What's new in this release
Init choices
- The installer now has three choices for the init system:
sysvinit, openrc or runit
Changes in su
- The behavior of su has changed. Use 'su -' to get root's path or use
the full path to commands if you use only 'su'.
- There are several ways to get the old behavior. The easiest is to
edit /etc/default/su to add the line:
ALWAYS_SET_PATH yes
See the following for more information:
https://www.debian.org/releases/buster/amd64/release-notes/ch-information.en.html#su-environment-variables
https://wiki.debian.org/NewInBuster
https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=905564
Pulseaudio
- If you install a desktop environment from the installer iso, you will
automatically get the debian-pulseaudio-config-override package,
which will ensure that pulseaudio is running. If you're running a
window manager, you may need to install the override package to get
sound. Alternatively, you may use the old method, described below.
- If you have no sound, make sure the following line in
/etc/pulse/client.conf.d/00-disable-autospawn.conf is commented as
shown here:
#autospawn=no
Changing the ID of the operating system.
- This point-release (3.1.0) fixes a bug in the last release that
showed "Debian" in the boot menu instead of "Devuan".
If you need the system to identify itself as Debian, you can edit
/etc/os-release to show ID=debian. This may be needed for third-party
software that expects to see debian.
### Getting Devuan 3 Beowulf
Devuan 3 Beowulf is available for i386, amd64, armel, armhf, arm64 and
ppc64el platforms. Installer isos and live CDs can be downloaded at:
https://files.devuan.org/devuan_beowulf/
Please consider using one of the many mirrors or torrent link, listed at:
https://devuan.org/get-devuan
Detailed instructions on how to use each image are available in the
corresponding 'README.txt' file. The SHA256SUMS of each set of images
is signed by the developer in charge of the build. The fingerprints of
GPG keys of all Devuan developers are listed at:
https://devuan.org/os/team
In order to check that the images you downloaded are genuine and not
corrupted, you should:
- download the image(s)
- download the corresponding SHA256SUMS and SHA256SUMS.asc files
in the same folder
- verify the checksums running:
$ sha256sum -c SHA256SUMS
(it could complain about missing files, but should show an "OK"
close to the images you have actually downloaded)
- verify the signature running:
$ gpg --no-default-keyring --keyring ./devuan-devs.gpg --verify SHA256SUMS.asc
(we assume that you have put the GPG keys in the keyring named
"devuan-devs.gpg". YMMV)
The 'devuan-devs.gpg' keyring is provided only for convenience. The
most correct procedure to verify that the signatures are authentic is
by downloading the relevant public keys from a trusted keyserver,
double-check that the fingerprint of the key matches that of the
developer reported on https://devuan.org/os/team and then use that key
for verification.
### Upgrading to Devuan 3 Beowulf
Direct and easy upgrade path from Devuan ASCII and migration path
from Debian Buster to Devuan 3 Beowulf are available here:
https://devuan.org/os/install
If you are already on Beowulf, just run this command to get to the
current release version:
apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade
### Devuan Package Repositories
Thanks to the support of many volunteers and donors, Devuan has
a network of package repository mirrors. The mirror network is
accessible using the FQDN "deb.devuan.org".
Starting from Devuan 2.0 ASCII, users should use exclusively
"deb.devuan.org" in their 'sources.list' file, e.g.:
deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged beowulf main
deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged beowulf-security main
deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged beowulf-updates main
deb http://deb.devuan.org/devuan beowulf-proposed main
Along with the above addresses, the repositories are also accessible
using the Tor network, by using our hidden service address:
deb tor+http://devuanfwojg73k6r.onion/merged beowulf main
deb tor+http://devuanfwojg73k6r.onion/merged beowulf-security main
deb tor+http://devuanfwojg73k6r.onion/merged beowulf-updates main
deb tor+http://devuanfwojg73k6r.onion/devuan beowulf-proposed main
More information is available at:
https://devuan.org/os/packages
All the mirrors contain the full Devuan package repository (all the
Devuan releases and all the suites). They are synced every 30 minutes
from the main Devuan package repository ("pkgmaster.devuan.org") and
are continuously checked for sanity, integrity, and consistency. The
package repository network is accessed through a DNS Round-Robin.
An up-to-date list of mirrors in the network is available at:
https://pkgmaster.devuan.org/mirror_list.txt
Users can directly access a mirror using the corresponding BaseURL.
IMPORTANT NOTE: The package mirrors at "deb.devuan.org" are signed
with the following GPG key:
pub rsa4096 2017-09-04 [SC] [expires: 2022-09-03]
E032601B7CA10BC3EA53FA81BB23C00C61FC752C
uid [ unknown] Devuan Repository (Amprolla3 on Nemesis
<repository@devuan.org>)
sub rsa4096 2017-09-04 [E] [expires: 2022-09-03]
The key is included in the package "devuan-keyring". In order to use
deb.devuan.org, you must have `devuan-keyring_2017.10.03` or later.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Devuan plans to eventually discontinue the original set
of Devuan mirrors available at auto.mirror.devuan.org and
{CC}.mirror.devuan.org. As a consequence, users are strongly
encouraged to use the new set of mirrors at "deb.devuan.org".
### Non-free firmware
All Devuan 3 Beowulf install media make non-free firmware packages
available at install time. These are only installed if your networking
hardware requires them in order to function. You can avoid the
automatic installation of non-free firmware by selecting the
"Expert install" option in the installation menu.
Devuan 3 Beowulf desktop-live and minimal-live images come with
non-free firmware packages pre-installed. You can remove these packages
after boot using the "remove_firmware.sh" script available under /root.
### About eudev
Following the inclusion of udev (a daemon in charge of device
management) in the systemd code tree, Devuan 3 Beowulf provides the
alternative "eudev" package. The transition from udev to eudev is
managed through transitional packages and should be automatic and
seamless.
### Session management and policykit backends
Devuan 3 Beowulf provides a choice of 5 Desktop Environments at
install time: Xfce, Cinnamon, KDE, LXQt, and MATE. Other desktop
environments and window managers are available from the repositories
post-install.
Desktop Environments rely on a session management system to allow the
user to perform certain tasks without requiring administrator
privileges such as suspending/rebooting/shutting down the system,
mounting external devices, configuring networking, and so on.
Two session management systems are available in Devuan Beowulf:
- consolekit
- logind (elogind and libpam-elogind)
These session managers are mutually exclusive; only one of them can be
installed and active at a time to avoid unwanted interference. In order
to grant processes in the unprivileged user session access to select
privileged operations the installed session manager is connected to the
policykit-1 framework by a set of matching back-end libraries.
The default session manager for all desktops is logind (libpam-elogind).
Xfce and Cinnamon will work with either logind or consolekit. The other
desktop environments will only work with logind.
In order for session management to work correctly the login manager
(aka display manager, DM) needs to register the user session with the
installed session manager (either consolekit or logind) which in turn
must coordinate with the relevant components of the desktop environment.
Both slim and lightdm will work with either libpam-elogind or consolekit.
Slim is the default login manager for Xfce. Lightdm is the default for
the other desktops.
### Workarounds for known lightdm issues/bugs
### Note: These items have been fixed in the 3.1.0 release.
lightdm prevents some accessibility features from working and gives the
error, "Couldn't register with accessiblity bus" in ~/.xsession-errors.
(See Debian bug [#760740](https://bugs.debian.org/760740))
This can be mitigated in the current X session by running:
xprop --root --remove AT_SPI_BUS
For a persistent solution edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf to add:
xserver-share=false
Power buttons are disabled on the lightdm login screen with elogind.
(See Debian bug [#932047](https://bugs.debian.org/932047))
Add the following line to /etc/pam.d/lightdm-greeter
session optional pam_elogind.so
### About LXDE
LXDE is not presented as a choice during installation but can be added
after booting into the new system. Note that there is a bug in lxsession
that requires LXDE be installed without Recommends. (Debian bug #952679)
apt --no-install-recommends install lxde
### Starting X from a terminal
In Devuan 3 Beowulf, the X server can now be run without root
privileges. As a result, some additional requirements must be met when
launching X directly from a TTY (e.g., with 'xinit' or 'startx')
especially on systems upgraded from Devuan Jessie.
In Devuan 3 Beowulf it is sufficient to install 'elogind' and
'libpam-elogind', and then use either 'startx' or 'xinit' as usual
from a regular user account. In this case, the Xorg log file will be
available under '~/.local/share/xorg/'.
The system still needs to support Kernel Mode Setting (KMS).
Therefore, this solution may not work in some virtualization
environments (e.g., virtualbox) or if the kernel has no driver that
supports your GPU.
Alternatively, it is still possible to run X with setuid root. In this
case, you need to install `xserver-xorg-legacy` and ensure that the
file '/etc/X11/Xwrapper.config' contains the (uncommented) line:
needs_root_rights=yes
### Devuan package information pages
Devuan has a simple service to display information about all the
packages available in Devuan. It can be accessed at:
https://pkginfo.devuan.org
It is possible to search for package names matching a set of keywords
and to see the description, dependencies, suggestions and
recommendations of each package. Please report any issues with this
service and/or get in touch if you have suggestions for how to
improve it.
### Reporting bugs
No piece of software is perfect. And acknowledging this fact is the
first step towards improving our software base.
Devuan strongly believes in the cooperation of the community to find,
report and solve issues. If you think you have found a bug in a
Devuan package, please report it to:
https://bugs.devuan.org
The procedure to report bugs is quite simple: just install and run
`reportbug`, a tool that will help you to compile the bug report and to
include any relevant information for the maintainers.
`reportbug` assumes than you have a properly configured Mail User
Agent that can send emails. If this is not the case, you can still
prepare your bug report with `reportbug`, save it (by default reportbug
will save the report under /tmp) and then use it as a template for an
email to submit@bugs.devuan.org.
(NOTE: Devuan does not provide an open SMTP relay for `reportbug`
yet. If you don't know what this is about, you can safely ignore this
information.)
When the bug report is processed, you will receive a confirmation email
containing the number assigned to the report.
Before reporting a bug, please check whether the very same problem has
already been reported by other users.
`reportbug` is a tool made by Debian for Debian, over a timespan of
about 25 years. As a result it is sometimes difficult to adapt it
to a new setup. We are currently working to improve the integration of
reportbug with Devuan's infrastructure and to improve the management,
triaging and reporting of bugs. Please bear with us ;^)